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#linguistics

51 posts48 participants3 posts today

[#CendaOpenTabs]

--Alamak! Malaysian loanwords ‘mat rempit’, ‘tapau’ and ‘terror’ among new additions to Oxford English Dictionary--

The full list of words:

alamak, int.
fish head curry, n.
half-boiled egg, n.
kaya, n.2
kaya toast, n.
ketupat, n.
mat rempit, n.
nasi lemak, n.
otak-otak, n.
steamboat, n.
tapau, v.
terror, adj.

--
Other Malaysian loanwords already included in the OED are:

atas, adj.
bak kwa, n.
bak kut teh, n.
belukar, n.
changkol, n.
char kway teow, n.
chicken rice, n.
kain songket, n.
kopitiam, n.
laksa, n.
lepak, v.
mamak, n. and adj.
shophouse, n.
sotong, n.
teh tarik, n

malaymail.com/news/malaysia/20

Malay Mail · Alamak! Malaysian loanwords ‘mat rempit’, ‘tapau’ and ‘terror’ among new additions to Oxford English DictionaryBy Malay Mail

I bring you the most important paper ever contributed to the especially crackpot-prone field of Minoan studies. A paper that will defeat Reviewer 2 once and for all. A paper that I definitely didn't write based on ideas I had while direly ill with a flu.

academia.edu: academia.edu/128559713/The_Utt

clean direct pdf: 0xabad1dea.github.io/bin/Utter

I entered the #ComputationalLinguistics field in 2018 by enrolling for a Bachelor's degree.

Since then, a lot has changed. Almost all the things we learned about, programmed in practice and did research on are now nearly irrelevant in our day-to-day.

Everything is #LLMs now. Every paper, every course, every student project.

And the newly enrolled students changed, too. They're no longer language nerds, they're #AI bros.

I miss #CompLing before ChatGPT.

I have a fan theory about the Irish imperative mood. I wonder if actual linguists know of relevant papers on that subject.

The theory is that there once was a particle for the positive imperative mood, in addition to the negative particle "ná" (as in "Ná habair é!").

The particle was later forgotten, similar to how the past tense used to be marked with "do" (as in "do bhí mé ann") but is now marked just by lenition that "do" used to cause.
The positive particle didn't cause any mutation, or caused gemination/aspiration, like the negative one.

Here's the reasoning.

Old Irish had absolute and conjunct forms for all verbs (conjunct = for use with particles).
"Berthae libru" — "you all carry books" (absolute, 2nd pl).
"Ní beirid libru" — "you all do not carry books" (conjunct, 2nd pl).

"You all, don't carry books!" would be "Ná beirid libru" — "ná" is a particle and requires a conjunct form.
But the positive imperative "you all, carry books!" was "Beirid libru!" — the form looks like a conjunct form, even though there's no particle.

An alternative hypothesis is that conjunct forms evolved from imperative forms.
However, there's an argument against that in the imperative forms of compound verbs.
Old Irish compound verbs are kinda like English phrase verbs: "as-berid" is probably a combination of "as" ("from", "out of") and the verb "to carry" but the real meaning of "as-berid" is "you all speak". Their prefixes act like pseudo-particles: they require conjunct forms of the original verb, and remain unstressed, which is why those forms are called "deuterotonic" (second-[syllable]-stressed).
When used with a normal particle, the stress shifts to the pseudo-particle and that mangles the original verb really hard: "you (all) do not speak" is not "ní as-berid" but "ní eprid". That "twice-conjunct" form is called "prototonic".

"You all, speak!" is "Eprid!" — the form is prototonic, and we know it evolved from "as-beirid", which disproves the alternative hypothesis. It's more likely that people used to say something like "*Só eprid!" (random guess).

But whether there's enough data anywhere to prove that a positive imperative conjunct particle ever existed is a different story.

Replied in thread

@clacke

Re. Not anthropomorphizing LLMs

I'm a sucker for this. I'll apologise to an inanimate object if I walk into it.

I find useful practical tips for myself in following this to be:
1. Use the verb "I prompted" rather than I told or I asked.
2. State that the program "output" rather than it replied.
3. I don't discuss "confabulation" because it's an anthropomorphization (the reality is that the computer program is doing exactly what it is instructed to do by the user), but if I was compelled to anthropomorphize, I would use "confabulation" rather than hallucination.

#LLM#AI#GAN