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#genome

1 post1 participant0 posts today
Public
Radical Anthropology

#Genome analysis connects Picuris #Pueblo people in northern New Mexico to their #Chacoan ancestors. Could the project bolster tribal land rights and serve as a model for partnership between scientists and #Indigenous communities?

'The Picuris’ oral history, cultural practices, and artifacts strongly link them to Chaco Canyon. Since approximately 900 C.E., they’ve lived some 275 kilometers to the canyon’s east, in the heart of New Mexico’s Sangre de Cristo mountains. The Picuris used to be among the largest Pueblos but are now the smallest, and they’re routinely excluded from discussions about policies surrounding Chaco Canyon.'

#ChacoCanyon #Indigenousrights

science.org/content/article/dn

Public
michael

A 220-year-old mystery surrounding the remains of infamous German outlaw Johannes Bückler, known as #Schinderhannes, has at last been solved. An international research team used cutting-edge #forensic techniques to confirm that a skeleton long thought to be that of another criminal, “Schwarzer Jonas” (Black Jonas), is in fact Schinderhannes. The true destiny of Schwarzer Jonas’ remains remains a secret.

archaeologymag.com/2025/03/inf #science #history #FamilyHistory #Hunsrück #genome

Archaeology News Online Magazine · Infamous robber Schinderhannes identified after 220-year-old skeleton mix-upBy Dario Radley
Public
michael

2-Apr-2025
First #ancientGenomes from the #GreenSahara deciphered
A new study reveals a long-isolated North African human lineage in the Central #Sahara during the African humid period more than 7,000 years ago

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science #genome #humans #archaeology #NorthAfrica

EurekAlert!First ancient genomes from the Green Sahara decipheredAn international team led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, has sequenced the first ancient genomes from the so-called Green Sahara, a period when  the largest desert in the world temporarily turned into a humid savanna-like environment. By analyzing the DNA of two 7,000-year-old naturally mummified individuals excavated in the Takarkori rock shelter in southwestern Libya by the Archaeological Mission in the Sahara, Sapienza University of Rome, the team showed that they belonged to a long-isolated and now extinct North African human lineage. This group of cattle pastoralists has only a minor genetic component of non-African ancestry, suggesting that animal husbandry may have spread into the Green Sahara through cultural exchange rather than large-scale migrations. Moreover, the ancient genomes do not carry sub-Saharan African ancestry, suggesting that, contrary to previous interpretations, the Green Sahara was not a corridor connecting Northern and sub-Saharan Africa.
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans**

_“Using cobraa, we present evidence for an extended period of structure in the history of all modern humans, in which two ancestral populations that diverged ~1.5 million years ago came together in an admixture event ~300 thousand years ago, in a ratio of ~80:20%.”_

Cousins, T., Scally, A. & Durbin, R. A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans. Nat Genet (2025). doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-021.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Science #Genetics #Genome #Academia #Academics @science

Public
michael

3-Feb-2025
Mapping the #yerba mate #genome reveals surprising facts about the #evolution of #caffeine biosynthesis
and offers potential future agricultural opportunities

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

EurekAlert!Mapping the yerba mate genome reveals surprising facts about the evolution of caffeineYerba mate is one of the most popular caffeinated beverages in the world. International research led by the University of Buenos Aires, in collaboration with the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Hamburg and other research groups in Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, mapped the genome of yerba mate. Their findings provide insights into the plant’s biochemistry and evolutionary history. They also show that caffeine biosynthesis evolved independently in yerba mate and coffee, indicating that caffeine is important for plant survival. The map of yerba mate’s genome might pave the way for creating new varieties of yerba mate.
#science#plants
Public
michael

Let me tell you 'bout the birds and the bees and the octopuses:

3-Feb-2025
#Octopuses have some of the oldest known #sexChromosomes
New research at the UO shows they’ve been using one that’s been around for 480 million years

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science #evolution #chromosomes #genome #sexDetermination #cephalopods

EurekAlert!Octopuses have some of the oldest known sex chromosomesUniversity of Oregon researchers have identified a sex chromosome in the California two-spot octopus. This chromosome has likely been around for 480 million years, since before octopuses split apart from the nautilus on the evolutionary tree. That makes it one of the oldest known animal sex chromosomes. The finding also is evidence that octopuses and other cephalopods, a class of sea animals that includes squid and nautiluses, do use chromosomes to determine their sex, answering a longstanding mystery among biologists.  
Public
Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬

Our last #commonancestor lived 4.2 billion years ago—perhaps hundreds of millions of years earlier than thought
#Genomes of diverse #microbes point to early #evolution of a rudimentary #immunesystem
The last ancestor shared by all living organisms was a microbe that lived 4.2 billion years ago, had a fairly large #genome encoding some 2600 proteins, enjoyed a diet of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide, and harbored a rudimentary immune system for fighting off viral invaders.
science.org/content/article/ou

Public
Radical Anthropology

Well interesting, #matrilocality of the Durotriges people:

'In southern Britain, the Late Iron Age Durotriges tribe often buried women with substantial grave goods. Here we analyse 57 ancient genomes from Durotrigian burial sites and find an extended kin group centred around a single maternal lineage, with unrelated (presumably inward migrating) burials being predominantly male. Such a matrilocal pattern is undescribed in European prehistory, but when we compare mitochondrial haplotype variation among European archaeological sites spanning six millennia, British Iron Age cemeteries stand out as having marked reductions in diversity'

#archaeology #IronAge #kinship #genome #mtDNA

nature.com/articles/s41586-024

NatureContinental influx and pervasive matrilocality in Iron Age Britain - NatureAn analysis of ancient mitochondrial and nuclear DNA shows evidence of matrilocal communities in Iron Age Britain.
Public
michael

8-Jan-2025

A nearly gapless #genome sequence of the #echidna, an egg-laying mammal with multiple #sexChromosomes, helps researchers to track genomic reorganization events that gave rise to a highly unusual #sexDetermination system.

related to the system of the #platypus which was the cover story in my book "Der Kuss des Schnabeltiers" / "The birds, the bees, and the platypuses." 15 years later I can't remember how that worked but I loved the story.

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science

EurekAlert!Unraveling the events leading to multiple sex chromosomes using an echidna genome sequenceThe short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)  is one of Australia’s most iconic animals. Belonging to a unique group of mammals called “monotremes” (with the platypus as the other prominent member), echidnas may at first glance be mistaken for a weird-looking hedgehog, but they are in fact egg-laying mammals.  An international team of authors, led by Guojie Zhang and Qi Zhou at Centre for Evolutionary & Organismal Biology at Zhejiang University, Yang Zhou from BGI-research and Frank Grutzner from Adelaide University now present an almost gapless genome sequence of the short-beaked echidna. This work is part of the international Vertebrate Genome Project, and hosted in the VGP Genome Ark Database. The authors used the new data to better understand the evolutionary origin of the highly complex configuration of multiple sex chromosomes which is characteristic for monotremes. The work is published in the open science journal GigaScience.
Public
michael

5-Dec-2024
Genetic study of native #hazelnut challenges misconceptions about how ancient #IndigenousPeoples used the land

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science #plants #genome

EurekAlert!Genetic study of native hazelnut challenges misconceptions about how ancient Indigenous peoples used the landBy decoding the DNA of the beaked hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), a native plant that thrives in British Columbia, a team of multidisciplinary scientists is providing new insight into how ancestral Indigenous peoples stewarded plants across the province.  Led by Chelsey Geralda Armstrong, an assistant professor in Simon Fraser University’s (SFU) Department of Indigenous Studies, the innovative study was recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), a major scientific journal. 
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Demographic history and genetic variation of the Armenian population**

_“We also investigated the debated question on the genetic origin of Armenians and failed to find any significant support for historical suggestions by Herodotus of their Balkan-related ancestry. We checked the degree of continuity of modern Armenians with ancient inhabitants of the eastern Armenian highlands and detected a genetic input into the region from a source linked to Neolithic Levantine Farmers at some point after the Early Bronze Age.”_

Hovhannisyan et al., Demographic history and genetic variation of the Armenian population, The American Journal of Human Genetics (2025), doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.10

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Science #Demography #Genetics #Genome #Paleoanthropology #Anthropology #History #BronzeAge #Armenia #Academia #Academics @science @anthropology

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