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4/ Sometimes borders shift. Kaliningrad (Калинингра́д) is a Russian semi-exclave on the Baltic coast between Poland and Lithuania .
Originally an old Prussian settlement, in the 13th century it was invaded by the Teutonic Knights and renamed Königsberg after King Ottokar II.

After WW2 it was transferred to Soviet control and renamed Kaliningrad, after Soviet leader, Mikhail Kalinin. Later it and became part of Russia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg