#gallium

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Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬<a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a> banned exports of a few rare <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/minerals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#minerals</a> to the <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/US" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#US</a>. Things could get messier. <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/Gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Gallium</a> and <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/germanium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#germanium</a> are used to make <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/semiconductors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#semiconductors</a>. Could battery materials be the next target? This might be only the beginning. China is a powerhouse, and not just in those niche materials—it’s also a juggernaut in <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/cleanenergy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#cleanenergy</a>, and particularly in battery supply chains. So what comes next could have significant consequences for <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/EV" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#EV</a> and <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#climate</a> action more broadly. <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/12/1108568/china-export-bans/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/12/1108568/china-export-bans/</a>

Geriatric Gardener“China expands export controls on critical minerals amid escalating trade war with the US”by Al Mayadeen “Starting December 1, 2024, <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a> began banning the export of key materials like <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/germanium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#germanium</a> to the <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/US" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#US</a>, targeting dual-use items vital for technologies such as <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/semiconductors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#semiconductors</a> [..]. These new rules hold violators accountable u/ Chinese law & are part of China's broader strategy to counter US <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/sanctions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sanctions</a> & <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/trade" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#trade</a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/restrictions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#restrictions</a>.”<a href="https://english.almayadeen.net/videos/china-expands-export-controls-on-critical-minerals-amid-esca" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://english.almayadeen.net/videos/china-expands-export-controls-on-critical-minerals-amid-esca</a><a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Press" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Press</a> <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/TradeWar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#TradeWar</a>

acemaxx<a href="https://econtwitter.net/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a> produces 98% of the world’s supply of <a href="https://econtwitter.net/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> and 60% of germanium, acc. to @USGS - It dominates a host of other so-called <a href="https://econtwitter.net/tags/rareearth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#rareearth</a> minerals — they are not so much rare as a hassle to extract - used in everything from F-35 fighter jets to night goggles to <a href="https://econtwitter.net/tags/electricvehicles" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#electricvehicles</a>

Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬Pricing for key chipmaking material hits 13-year high following Chinese export restrictions — <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a>'s restrictions on <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/Gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Gallium</a> exports hit hard China is the primary global supplier, accounting for 94% of gallium production. Prices rose to $595 per kilogram, a 17% increase over the previous level on December 11, the highest price since 2011. This sharp increase follows China's latest export ban of critical minerals to the US, including gallium, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/germanium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#germanium</a>, and <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/antimony" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antimony</a>. <a href="https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/pricing-for-key-chipmaking-material-hits-13-year-high-following-chinese-export-restrictions-chinas-restrictions-on-gallium-exports-hit-hard" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/pricing-for-key-chipmaking-material-hits-13-year-high-following-chinese-export-restrictions-chinas-restrictions-on-gallium-exports-hit-hard</a>

Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬What <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a>’s critical <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/mineral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#mineral</a> ban means for the <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/US" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#US</a> In explicitly cutting off, rather than merely restricting, materials of strategic importance to the <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/semiconductor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#semiconductor</a>, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/defense" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#defense</a>, and <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/electricvehicle" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#electricvehicle</a> sectors (<a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a>, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/germanium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#germanium</a>, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/antimony" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antimony</a>), China has clearly crossed a new line in the long-simmering <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/tradewar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#tradewar</a>. The nation has signaled it’s prepared to hit back harder still, in ways that could inflict serious <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/economic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#economic</a> pain on its biggest economic rival. <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/06/1108020/what-chinas-critical-mineral-ban-means-for-the-us/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/06/1108020/what-chinas-critical-mineral-ban-means-for-the-us/</a>

Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬<a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a> bans export of key <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/minerals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#minerals</a> to <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/US" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#US</a> as trade frictions escalate China has banned exports to the <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/UnitedStates" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#UnitedStates</a> of items related to the minerals <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a>, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/germanium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#germanium</a> and <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/antimony" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antimony</a> that have potential military applications, it said on Tuesday, a day after Washington's latest crackdown on China's chip sector. Gallium and germanium are used in <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/semiconductors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#semiconductors</a>, while germanium is also used in infrared technology, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/fibreoptic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#fibreoptic</a> cables and <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/solar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#solar</a> cells. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-bans-exports-gallium-germanium-antimony-us-2024-12-03/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-bans-exports-gallium-germanium-antimony-us-2024-12-03/</a>

Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬<a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/US" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#US</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/DARPA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#DARPA</a> responds to <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/China" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#China</a>'s <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> export controls: awards <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/Raytheon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Raytheon</a> three-year contract to develop new types of <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/transistors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#transistors</a> China controls the lion's share of gallium supply and its recent export restriction on gallium potentially mean additional risks for American national security. To respond to this challenge, the U.S. Department of Defense agency DARPA has tasked Raytheon to develop synthetic diamond and aluminum nitride <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/semiconductors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#semiconductors</a>. <a href="https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/u-s-darpa-responds-to-chinas-gallium-export-controls-awards-raytheon-three-year-contract-to-develop-new-types-of-transistors" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/u-s-darpa-responds-to-chinas-gallium-export-controls-awards-raytheon-three-year-contract-to-develop-new-types-of-transistors</a>

Claudia Zahn<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Gallium</a> is a fascinating <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/metal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#metal</a> with a low melting point of about 29.76°C (85.57°F), which means it can melt in the warmth of your hand, transforming from a solid, silvery metal into a liquid puddle due to human body heat. <a href="https://www.geologyin.com/2018/02/gallium-is-metal-that-melts-in-your.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawGKDQJleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHZWLEIK9o3pISPf5GRHBLpyx7THvf86ox5oL6930OiGxgz1XsHTNOgeI1Q_aem_-KU0HbbMx66o6dMrNPjpow" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.geologyin.com/2018/02/gallium-is-metal-that-melts-in-your.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawGKDQJleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHZWLEIK9o3pISPf5GRHBLpyx7THvf86ox5oL6930OiGxgz1XsHTNOgeI1Q_aem_-KU0HbbMx66o6dMrNPjpow</a> By <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/GeologyWonders" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#GeologyWonders</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Geology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Geology</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/GeologyPage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#GeologyPage</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Nature</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Minerals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Minerals</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Crystals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Crystals</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Gems" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Gems</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Nature</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/NatureLovers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#NatureLovers</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/NaturePhotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#NaturePhotography</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Photographer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Photographer</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/RockPorn" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#RockPorn</a>

Matt WillemsenNew Findings Challenge 150-Year-Old Assumptions: Scientists Discover New Properties of Unusual Metal <a href="https://scitechdaily.com/new-findings-challenge-150-year-old-assumptions-scientists-discover-new-properties-of-unusual-metal/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://scitechdaily.com/new-findings-challenge-150-year-old-assumptions-scientists-discover-new-properties-of-unusual-metal/</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/chemistry" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#chemistry</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#physics</a>

Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬What Could Explain the <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/GalliumAnomaly" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#GalliumAnomaly</a>? Physicists have ruled out a mundane explanation for the strange findings of an old Soviet experiment. Maybe, <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> anomaly points to a monumental discovery, existence of new type of elementary particle called a <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/sterileneutrino" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sterileneutrino</a>. Sterile <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/neutrinos" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#neutrinos</a> initially proposed to explain why masses of three known neutrinos are so tiny, but they could also account for at least some of invisible “dark matter” that fills the cosmos. <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-could-explain-the-gallium-anomaly-20240712/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-could-explain-the-gallium-anomaly-20240712/</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#physics</a>

Matt WillemsenScientists grow diamonds from scratch in 15 minutes thanks to groundbreaking new process <a href="https://www.livescience.com/chemistry/scientists-grow-diamonds-from-scratch-in-15-minutes-thanks-to-groundbreaking-new-process" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.livescience.com/chemistry/scientists-grow-diamonds-from-scratch-in-15-minutes-thanks-to-groundbreaking-new-process</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/synthetic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#synthetic</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/diamonds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#diamonds</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/AtmosphericPressure" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#AtmosphericPressure</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/nickel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#nickel</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/iron" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#iron</a>

Dave Lane :flag_tino: 🇳🇿Note that all the technology exists - & is fully <a href="https://mastodon.nzoss.nz/tags/libre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#libre</a> - to allow each country to take control of their learners' Chromebooks (using <a href="https://mastodon.nzoss.nz/tags/Chromium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Chromium</a> or <a href="https://mastodon.nzoss.nz/tags/Gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Gallium</a> codebases) and have all the data held in-country on locally administered, gov't run systems rather than <a href="https://mastodon.nzoss.nz/tags/BigTech" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#BigTech</a> ones. It would probably cost no more than paying Google their loss-leading fees & probably much less over time, without any privacy issues. Sadly, Microsoft's stuff has no such libre route - it needs to be culled from education.

Chuck DarwinAccording to the International Energy Agency, demand for 🔸rare earth elements 🔸 is expected to reach 👉three to seven times current levels by 2040; demand for other critical minerals such as 🔸lithium 🔸may 👉multiply 40-fold. Delivering on the 2016 Paris Agreement, under which signatory nations are obligated to reduce emissions to cap the global temperature increase, would require the global mineral supply to quadruple within the same time frame. At the current rate, supply is on track to merely double.Obtaining rare earth elements begins with obtaining source materials, which can happen, broadly, in three ways: 🔹primary extraction, or mining directly from the earth; 🔹recovery from secondary sources, such as end-of-life electronics; 🔹and extraction from unconventional sources, including industrial wastes like coal ash and waste products from mines. But China so dominates the market—it controlled 60% of global production in 2021—that other countries are at a disadvantage. After China announced export restrictions in 2023 on gallium, germanium, and graphite, nations scrambled to find alternative sources in anticipation of future restrictions. Primary extraction in the US is limited; only one active mine, the Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility in California, produces rare earth elements domestically. Opening new mines can take decades. As a result, scientists and companies alike are intent on increasing access and improving sustainability by exploring secondary or unconventional sources. <a href="https://c.im/tags/china" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#china</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/rareearth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#rareearth</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/secondarysources" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#secondarysources</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a>, <a href="https://c.im/tags/germanium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#germanium</a>, <a href="https://c.im/tags/graphite" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#graphite</a>, <a href="https://c.im/tags/lithium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lithium</a> <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/01/05/1084791/rare-earth-materials-clean-energy/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/01/05/1084791/rare-earth-materials-clean-energy/</a>

Quincyfun fact:<a href="https://chaos.social/tags/allium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#allium</a> is used in <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/gastronomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gastronomy</a> while <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/gallium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gallium</a> is used in <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/astronomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#astronomy</a>.

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